By LaToya Dawkins

The best way to describe the terms intrinsic and extrinsic is to consider internal or external factors; both are relative in regards to motivation. Intrinsic motivation is non-external motivation such as self-confidence or the personal joy of finishing a task. Extrinsic motivation is externally driven by rewards and/or tangible items. Everyday, we are faced with the battle of motivation. What motivates us to go to work in the morning? Is it the money or the desire to accomplish a career goal? Is one motivation better that the other? When it comes to preschool children, educators, parents, and caregivers recognize what motivates our preschooler complete a task. Studies show that for younger children extrinsic motivation, like a reward system, is the best motivation for them. However, the benefits and deficits of this type of motivation are considered as children get older.

The Ex-Factor

During the preschool years, extrinsic motivation is innocent. A simple sticker or cookie will make the most stubborn child act according to our wishes. However, even in their younger years we begin to notice the need for a reward in order to complete a task. For example, before we offer the reward, the child may suggest a reward they would like to have after they have completed the task. For example “If I wash my hands, will you give me a sticker.” In fact, they often want a guarantee that they will receive the reward before they set out to complete it. At this time, rewards are no longer innocent or optional. They have now become collateral for your preschooler to get what they want if they give us we want, “the ex-factor.” The ex-factor is a state of extrinsic motivation where the child will not complete a task without an exchange of something externally. Less is more. Using rewards less will encourage your preschooler to appreciate the ability to follow directions.

The In-side

The most powerful factor of intrinsic motivation is self-motivation. It is not determined or dictated by outside forces but is a drive or push to accomplish a goal just for the internal pleasure of accomplishing the goal. It is not highly used to motivate younger children because preschoolers lack substantial life experiences to fully understand the need for intrinsic motivation. However, as they grow older, intrinsic motivation will help them experience and develop the joy of learning.  For example, when our preschoolers can put on their own jackets or tie their own shoes we praise them with words,which is appropriate for their age. However, as they get older we want them to make decisions on the “in-side” without wanting approval or praise.

In-ex-plicable Motive

In this battle, which motivator wins? Though the two terms have different meanings. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation are not on opposite sides of the spectrum. Both are independently effective or ineffective within context. For example, external praise and rewards affirm preschoolers that they have the ability to succeed and self-motivation pushes them to try to do something again even when they fail. Foster both motivations to empower your preschooler to persevere through all of life’s obstacles. 

Sternberg, Robert J. & Williams, Wendy M. 2002 “Motivating Students.” Educational Psychology 346-350